For sand casting, mass-production factories should create conditions to adopt technologically advanced modeling and core-making methods. The production line of the old-style shock-type or shock-pressure molding machine is not high in productivity, the labor intensity of the workers is large, and the noise is large. It cannot adapt to the requirements of mass production and should be gradually reformed.
Colloidal silica is used as a binder with refractory grains such as alumina, aluminosilicates, fused silica and zircon. These systems are used for the casting of many types of metals.